Functional Skills Level 2 — Fractions

Mixed Numbers and Improper Fractions

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Converting Improper Fractions to Mixed Numbers

An improper fraction has a numerator (top number) that is greater than or equal to its denominator (bottom number). It can be converted to a mixed number by dividing the numerator by the denominator.

7/3 — 2 complete circles + 1/3 left over = 2⅓ 3/3 (complete) + 3/3 (complete) + 1/3 left over = 2⅓ Bus Stop Method: 7 ÷ 3 → Mixed Number 3 7 2 r 1 Whole number = 2 7 ÷ 3 goes 2 times before going over Remainder = 1 New numerator = 1 Denominator stays as 3 Answer 2⅓

Example 1 — Convert \(\frac{11}{4}\) to a mixed number

Step 1
Divide: \(11 \div 4 = 2\) remainder \(3\)
Step 2
Whole number \(= 2\), new numerator \(= 3\), denominator stays \(= 4\)
Step 3
Answer: \(\mathbf{2\frac{3}{4}}\)

Example 2 — Convert \(\frac{17}{5}\) to a mixed number

Step 1
Divide: \(17 \div 5 = 3\) remainder \(2\)
Step 2
Answer: \(\mathbf{3\frac{2}{5}}\)
Key tip: The denominator NEVER changes when converting — it stays the same throughout. Only the whole number and the new numerator change.
✓ Quick Check 1 — Converting Improper Fractions to Mixed Numbers
Question 1 of 10
Converting Mixed Numbers to Improper Fractions

This is the reverse process. To convert a mixed number to an improper fraction: multiply the whole number by the denominator, then add the numerator. The denominator stays the same.

2⅗ = 5/5 + 5/5 + 3/5 — counting all the fifths gives 13/5 5/5 = 1 whole + 5/5 = 1 whole + 3/5 5 + 5 + 3 = 13 fifths total → 13/5 Count every shaded part over the same denominator Formula: (whole × denominator) + numerator, over denominator (whole × denominator) + numerator denominator Example: 2⅗ 2 × 5 = 10 whole × denom 10 + 3 = 13 add the numerator 13/5 answer!

Example 3 — Convert \(3\frac{3}{4}\) to an improper fraction

Step 1
Identify: whole \(= 3\), denominator \(= 4\), numerator \(= 3\)
Step 2
Calculate: \((3 \times 4) + 3 = 12 + 3 = 15\)
Step 3
Answer: \(\mathbf{\frac{15}{4}}\)

Example 4 — Convert \(5\frac{2}{3}\) to an improper fraction

Step 1
Calculate: \((5 \times 3) + 2 = 15 + 2 = 17\)
Step 2
Answer: \(\mathbf{\frac{17}{3}}\)
Don't forget: You must add the original numerator in step 2. A common mistake is to write \(5 \times 3 = 15\) and stop — the answer is 17/3, not 15/3.
✓ Quick Check 2 — Converting Mixed Numbers to Improper Fractions
Question 1 of 10
Comparing and Ordering Mixed Numbers

To compare mixed numbers, first compare the whole-number parts. If they are equal, compare the fraction parts using a common denominator. This skill is essential for real-life tasks like cooking quantities and taking measurements.

Number Line — Ordering Mixed Numbers 1 2 3 4 2⅓ 3⅕ 2⅓ < 2¾ because ⅓ < ¾ Real Life — Cooking Comparison Recipe needs 2¼ cups. You have 2⅓ cups. Is this enough? Step 1: Convert to improper fractions: 2¼ = 9/4   2⅓ = 7/3 Step 2: Common denominator 12: 9/4 = 27/12    7/3 = 28/12 Step 3: 28/12 > 27/12, so 2⅓ > 2¼. Yes, you have enough! ✓ 2⅓ cups is more than 2¼ cups — recipe is covered

Example 5 — Order \(2\frac{1}{3}\), \(1\frac{3}{4}\), \(2\frac{1}{4}\) from smallest to largest

Step 1
\(1\frac{3}{4}\) is smallest — whole number 1 < 2, so it comes first regardless of fraction part
Step 2
Compare \(2\frac{1}{3}\) and \(2\frac{1}{4}\): common denominator 12. \(\frac{1}{3} = \frac{4}{12}\), \(\frac{1}{4} = \frac{3}{12}\). Since \(\frac{3}{12} < \frac{4}{12}\), we have \(2\frac{1}{4} < 2\frac{1}{3}\)
Step 3
Order: \(\mathbf{1\frac{3}{4},\quad 2\frac{1}{4},\quad 2\frac{1}{3}}\)

Example 6 — Order planks: \(1\frac{5}{8}\) m, \(1\frac{1}{2}\) m, \(1\frac{3}{4}\) m from shortest to longest

Step 1
All have whole number 1 — compare fractions using denominator 8: \(\frac{1}{2} = \frac{4}{8}\), \(\frac{5}{8} = \frac{5}{8}\), \(\frac{3}{4} = \frac{6}{8}\)
Step 2
Order of fractions: \(\frac{4}{8} < \frac{5}{8} < \frac{6}{8}\)
Step 3
Order: \(\mathbf{1\frac{1}{2}\ \text{m},\quad 1\frac{5}{8}\ \text{m},\quad 1\frac{3}{4}\ \text{m}}\)
Exam tip: In exams, always convert to a common denominator before comparing fractions. Never compare by looking at numerators alone without checking the denominator.
✓ Quick Check 3 — Comparing and Ordering Mixed Numbers
Question 1 of 10

Practice: Convert Between Mixed Numbers and Improper Fractions

Type your answers, then click Check Answers. For mixed numbers write e.g. 2 1/3. For improper fractions write e.g. 7/3.

Part A — Improper Fraction to Mixed Number

#QuestionAnswerResult
1\(\frac{7}{3}\)
2\(\frac{11}{4}\)
3\(\frac{13}{5}\)
4\(\frac{9}{2}\)
5\(\frac{17}{6}\)

Part B — Mixed Number to Improper Fraction

#Convert this mixed numberYour answerResult
6\(2\frac{1}{3}\)
7\(3\frac{1}{4}\)
8\(4\frac{2}{5}\)
9\(1\frac{5}{8}\)
10\(5\frac{1}{2}\)

⚠ Things to Watch Out For

  • Converting mixed → improper: forgetting to add the numerator: 2⅗ = (2×5)+3 / 5 = 13/5. Students often just multiply: 2×5=10/5, forgetting to add the 3.
  • Converting improper → mixed: using the wrong operation: Divide the numerator by the denominator. 13÷5 = 2 remainder 3 → 2 and 3/5. Do NOT divide denominator by numerator.
  • Leaving an improper fraction in the answer: In most contexts, especially worded problems, give your answer as a mixed number. Check what the question asks for.
  • Negative mixed numbers: the minus sign applies to the whole mixed number, not just the whole-number part. Convert as if it were positive first, then negate: \(2\frac{1}{3} = \frac{7}{3}\) (multiply 2×3, add 1), so \(-2\frac{1}{3} = -\frac{7}{3}\) — it is not \(-2 + \frac{1}{3}\), which would be a different (larger) value.
  • Adding mixed numbers by converting incorrectly: When adding mixed numbers, either convert both to improper fractions OR add the whole number parts and fraction parts separately. Don't mix the two approaches.
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