Functional Skills Level 2 — Number

Dividing Whole Numbers

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Short Division — The Bus Stop Method

Short division (the bus stop method) is used when dividing by a single digit. Work left to right through each digit of the dividend, carrying any remainder into the next digit.

Short Division (Bus Stop): 987 ÷ 7 1 4 1 7 9 8 7 2 0 9÷7=1 carry 2 | 28÷7=4 carry 0 | 7÷7=1 Answer: 141 Fact Families — Division and Multiplication are Inverses Division Facts 987 ÷ 7 = 141 987 ÷ 141 = 7 Multiplication Check 141 × 7 = 987 ✓ 7 × 141 = 987 ✓

Example 1 — Calculate \(987 \div 7\)

Step 1
How many 7s in 9? 1 remainder 2. Write 1, carry the 2.
Step 2
Bring down: 28. How many 7s in 28? 4 remainder 0. Write 4.
Step 3
How many 7s in 7? 1 exactly. Write 1.
Step 4
Answer: \(\mathbf{141}\). Check: \(141 \times 7 = 987\) ✓

Example 2 — Calculate \(856 \div 8\)

Step 1
8 ÷ 8 = 1 remainder 0. Write 1.
Step 2
5 ÷ 8 — can't divide. Carry 0, so try 05. Write 0, carry 5.
Step 3
56 ÷ 8 = 7. Write 7. Answer: \(\mathbf{107}\). Check: \(107 \times 8 = 856\) ✓
Tip: If a digit is smaller than the divisor, write 0 in the quotient and carry the digit forward to combine with the next digit.
✓ Quick Check 1 — Short Division
Question 1 of 10
Long Division — Dividing by Two-Digit Numbers

When dividing by a two-digit number, use long division. The steps are: Divide, Multiply, Subtract, Bring down — repeat until all digits are used.

Long division steps: Divide → Multiply → Subtract → Bring down → Repeat
Long Division: 4632 ÷ 24 — Step by Step 24 4 6 3 2 1 9 3 2 4 Step 1: 46 ÷ 24 = 1 2 2 3 2 1 6 Step 2: 223 ÷ 24 = 9 7 2 7 2 Step 3: 72 ÷ 24 = 3 0 Answer: 193. Check: 193 × 24 = 4632 ✓

Example 3 — Calculate \(4632 \div 24\)

Step 1
How many 24s in 46? \(24 \times 1 = 24\). Write 1. Subtract: \(46 - 24 = 22\).
Step 2
Bring down 3 → 223. How many 24s in 223? \(24 \times 9 = 216\). Write 9. Subtract: \(223 - 216 = 7\).
Step 3
Bring down 2 → 72. How many 24s in 72? \(24 \times 3 = 72\). Write 3. Subtract: \(72 - 72 = 0\).
Step 4
Answer: \(\mathbf{193}\). Check: \(193 \times 24 = 4632\) ✓

Example 4 — Calculate \(1890 \div 18\)

Step 1
How many 18s in 18? 1 exactly. Subtract: \(18 - 18 = 0\). Write 1.
Step 2
Bring down 9 → 09. How many 18s in 9? 0. Write 0, bring down 0 → 90.
Step 3
How many 18s in 90? \(18 \times 5 = 90\). Write 5. Subtract: 0. Answer: \(\mathbf{105}\).
Tip for estimating quotient digits: If you're not sure how many times the divisor goes in, try multiples: \(24 \times 8 = 192\), \(24 \times 9 = 216\), \(24 \times 10 = 240\). Since 223 is between 216 and 240, the answer is 9.
✓ Quick Check 2 — Long Division
Question 1 of 10
Remainders in Real-Life Contexts

In real-life problems, remainders must be interpreted carefully. Sometimes you round up (e.g. you need one more vehicle), sometimes you round down (e.g. you can only make whole portions), and sometimes the remainder is given as a fraction or decimal.

Remainder Context: 47 People, Buses of 9 Calculation 47 ÷ 9 = 5 r 2 5 full buses + 2 left over Interpretation 2 people still need a bus! Round UP → 6 buses Rule: if people/items are left over and need to be included → round UP If question asks for complete groups only → round DOWN Three Ways to Handle a Remainder Round UP Vehicles, containers Need to fit everyone 47÷9=5 r2 → 6 Round DOWN Portions, whole items Leftover not enough 43÷8=5 r3 → 5 Fraction/Decimal Sharing money, length Exact split needed £47÷9=£5.22

Example 5 — Buses needed (round up)

Step 1
47 people need transport. Each bus holds 9 passengers. \(47 \div 9 = 5\) remainder \(2\).
Step 2
5 full buses carry \(5 \times 9 = 45\) people. 2 people are still without a bus.
Step 3
Round up: \(\mathbf{6}\) buses are needed.

Example 6 — Complete boxes (round down)

Step 1
130 oranges are packed into boxes of 12. \(130 \div 12 = 10\) remainder \(10\).
Step 2
Only 10 complete boxes can be filled. The leftover 10 oranges do not fill a box.
Step 3
Answer: \(\mathbf{10}\) complete boxes.

Example 7 — Sharing money (express remainder as a decimal)

Step 1
Three friends share £47 equally. Calculate \(47 \div 3\).
Step 2
\(3 \times 15 = 45\), remainder \(2\). Write this as \(47 \div 3 = 15\) remainder \(2\).
Step 3
Convert the remainder to a decimal: place a decimal point and continue dividing. \(20 \div 3 = 6\) remainder \(2\); \(20 \div 3 = 6\) remainder \(2\)…
Step 4
Round to the nearest penny (2 d.p.): \(47 \div 3 \approx \mathbf{£15.67}\).
£47 shared equally among 3 people = £15.67 each (to the nearest penny)

Try it: Party Tables

83 guests are seated at tables of 8. How many tables are needed? How many seats are empty?

\(83 \div 8 = 10\) remainder \(3\). You need \(\mathbf{11}\) tables. The last table has \(8 - 3 = \mathbf{5}\) empty seats.

✓ Quick Check 3 — Remainders in Context
Question 1 of 10

Practice: Dividing Whole Numbers

Enter your answers as numbers.

#QuestionAnswerResult
1936 ÷ 8
21,248 ÷ 12
3£675 is shared equally among 15 people. How much does each person get?
42,208 ÷ 24
5A minibus carries 18 passengers. How many minibuses are needed for 250 passengers?
6864 ÷ 6
71,890 ÷ 15
8£960 is shared equally among 12 people. How much does each person get?
93,168 ÷ 33
10A coach carries 52 passengers. How many coaches are needed for 300 passengers?

⚠ Things to Watch Out For

  • Remainder goes in the wrong place: In short division (bus stop), the remainder is carried to the NEXT digit on the right, not written at the end until the very last step.
  • Misinterpreting remainders: "47 people need buses of 9" → 47÷9 = 5 remainder 2. You need 6 buses (round UP because the remaining 2 people still need transport). Always interpret remainders in context.
  • Long division — bringing down wrong digit: After each subtraction in long division, bring down the NEXT digit from the dividend. Bringing down two digits or skipping one is the most common error.
  • Division by zero: Division by zero is undefined — it has no answer. If you get a zero divisor in a problem, re-read the question.
  • Confusing dividend and divisor: In 48 ÷ 6, the dividend is 48 (what you're dividing) and the divisor is 6 (what you're dividing by). Swapping them gives a completely different answer.
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